Modeling and Control of Grid Forming Converters: A Systematic Review

TOZAK M., TAŞKIN S., Sengor I., Hayes B. P.

IEEE Access, cilt.12, ss.107818-107843, 2024 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 12
  • Basım Tarihi: 2024
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1109/access.2024.3437236
  • Dergi Adı: IEEE Access
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Compendex, INSPEC, Directory of Open Access Journals
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.107818-107843
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Grid forming, Power system stability, Grid following, Stability analysis, Reviews, Voltage control, Phase locked loops, Grid following converter, grid forming converter control, grid forming converter modeling
  • Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

In electrical power systems where the proportion of synchronous generators (SG) is gradually decreasing, grid-forming (GFM) converters need to be installed and controlled to meet all the system requirements that SGs have provided to date. Modeling, control, and implementation of GFM converters have been the subject of numerous studies in recent years, particularly in the context of ensuring grid stability during the transition to non-synchronous renewable energy sources. This paper provides a comprehensive literature review on the modeling and control of grid-connected converters. In particular, the focus is placed on GFM-type control structures, objectives, and applications. Both grid-following (GFL) and GFM control structures are detailed. Then, the objectives of controlling GFM converters in power systems are discussed in detail. Finally, some completed and ongoing GFM installation projects around the world are summarized under the subheadings of battery energy storage system (BESS), GFM wind, hybrid, and high voltage direct current (HVDC).