Cybersecurity and data science for electricity markets: A review of digital grid management, trading, energy policy and regulatory frameworks

Kanakadhurga D., Chandrakala K. R. M. V., BAŞARAN K., Lazaroiu G. C.

ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL-JESTECH, cilt.81, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)

Özet

The review meticulously examines a range of vulnerabilities within the energy sector, particularly highlighting the risks posed by false data injection attacks, which can compromise the integrity of information in blockchainbased trading platforms. It delves into the inherent weaknesses of these platforms, illustrating how they can be exploited by malicious actors. To counter these threats, the review discusses several proactive defensive strategies, including the implementation of Zero Trust models, which advocate for strict verification processes at every access point, and the utilization of Graph Neural Networks, known for their potential to enhance data security and threat detection. Alongside these strategies, the review references key industry guidelines such as IEC 62351, which pertains to the security of power system management and the NIST Cybersecurity Framework 2.0, a crucial framework designed to improve the nation's cybersecurity posture. The role of artificial intelligence in the electricity market is also thoroughly analyzed. While AI holds promise as a tool for enhancing efficiency and decision-making, it simultaneously presents risks, acting as a potential attack vector and deterrent against cyber threats. The review recognizes the challenges associated with data poisoning, where harmful data is intentionally fed into AI systems, thereby skewing their outputs and decisions. Furthermore, the complexities tied to the implementation of blockchain technology in peer-to-peer energy trading are scrutinized. The review emphasizes the urgency of developing robust regulatory frameworks that can effectively govern these technological advancements. It advocates for the seamless integration of comprehensive cybersecurity measures within the energy market to build a foundation of reliability and trustworthiness, ensuring that future trading practices are secure and resilient against evolving cyber threats which aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 7, 11 and 16.