Bidirectional Algorithms for Polygon Triangulations and (m + 2)-Angulations via Fuss–Catalan Numbers


Selim A., Saracevic M., Stosic L., Aydin O., Zajmović M.

MATHEMATICS, cilt.13, sa.23, ss.1-18, 2025 (SCI-Expanded)

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 13 Sayı: 23
  • Basım Tarihi: 2025
  • Doi Numarası: 10.3390/math13233837
  • Dergi Adı: MATHEMATICS
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.1-18
  • Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Adresli: Hayır

Özet

Polygon triangulations and their generalizations to angulations are fundamental in combinatorics and computational geometry. This paper presents a unified linear-time framework that establishes explicit bijections between Dyck words, planted ary trees, and angulations of convex polygons. We introduce stack-based and tree-based algorithms that enable reversible conversion between symbolic and geometric representations, prove their correctness and optimal complexity, and demonstrate their scalability through extensive experiments. The approach reveals a hierarchical decomposition encoded by Fuss–Catalan numbers, providing a compact and uniform representation for triangulations, quadrangulations, pentangulations, and higher-arity angulations. Experimental comparisons show clear advantages over rotation-based methods in both runtime and memory usage. The framework offers a general combinatorial foundation that supports efficient enumeration, compressed representation, and extensions to higher-dimensional or non-convex settings.