Microstructure and mechanical properties of general structural steel parts manufactured by submerged arc - wire arc additive manufacturing (SA-WAAM)


Timucin F., Cevik N., Kaya K., GÜL C., Comez N., DURMUŞ H.

METALLURGICAL RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY, cilt.123, sa.4, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus) identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 123 Sayı: 4
  • Basım Tarihi: 2026
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1051/metal/2026038
  • Dergi Adı: METALLURGICAL RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Compendex, INSPEC
  • Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

This study examines the mechanical properties of samples produced from low-carbon steel wire conforming to TS EN ISO 14341-A standards using additive manufacturing, according to different heat inputs. The samples were produced using the submerged arc welding method at speeds of 20, 22, and 24 mm/min, with temperature monitoring and surface preparation protocols. Subsequent analyses include directional mechanical property evaluation, metallography, optical and stereo microscopy, hardness and surface roughness measurements, and dry sliding wear tests. Post-wear analyses include SEM observation of wear tracks, volume loss comparison, and 3D roughness profiling. The findings reveal a distinct relationship between heat input, welding speed, grain structure, cooling rate, and the resulting morphological and mechanical property changes; in particular, it is emphasized that finer-grained, higher-hardness structures emerge with decreasing heat input.