Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
JOURNAL OF THE FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE OF GAZI UNIVERSITY, cilt.41, sa.1, ss.719-730, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus, TRDizin)
The protection of electricity distribution lines is an essential component of today's popular smart grids. The anticipated insufficiency of electricity distribution lines in the future makes it inevitable to integrate DGs (Distributed Generations) into distribution systems. While the increasing integration of DG units into electrical distribution lines offers numerous benefits, it also adds complexity to the distribution network. This increased complexity further complicates the protection of electrical distribution lines. In DG facilities such as those using wind energy, energy production depends on atmospheric conditions, which directly impact the short-circuit currents that may occur in the network. These issues can lead to problems such as the incorrect operation of relays designed to function in coordination, simultaneous activation of multiple relays (due to lack of selectivity), and unnecessary power outages. To address these challenges, smart grids require bidirectional adaptive protection systems and appropriately designed algorithms. This paper proposes an algorithm tailored to meet these protection requirements. Simulation studies conducted on the IEEE 4-node test system, modified to reflect modern conditions and the original design, demonstrated that the proposed algorithm enhances the accuracy of relay operations. The performance of backup relays in adaptive protection systems utilizing the proposed algorithm was compared with that of backup relays in conventional adaptive protection systems, and the results were presented.