THE CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE OFFICIAL EXCHANGE RATE AND NET PRIMARY AND SECONDARY INCOME IN THE TURKISH ECONOMY


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Yağmur İ., Akcan A. T.

17th International İstanbul Scientific Research Congress, İstanbul, Türkiye, 28 - 30 Eylül 2025, ss.452-460, (Tam Metin Bildiri)

Özet

  1. Understanding the relationship between exchange rate dynamics and international income flows is crucial for the financial stability of an economy. Net primary and secondary income, which are components of the balance of payments, can influence exchange rate movements and are also affected by exchange rate fluctuations. This study examines the causality relationship between the official exchange rate and net primary and secondary income using annual data covering the period 1990-2024 in the Turkish economy. In this context, Fourier ADF and Fourier LM unit root tests were first applied to the variables in the analysis section of the study, and then the relationship between the variables was determined using the Fourier Toda-Yamamoto causality test. According to the causality test results, a bidirectional and statistically significant causality relationship was found between the official exchange rate and net secondary income. This finding shows that changes in the exchange rate affect net secondary income flows, while changes in net secondary income also have a causal effect on the exchange rate. On the other hand, no causality relationship was found between the official exchange rate and net primary income. These results reveal that secondary income items, such as workers’ remittances, are affected by exchange rate fluctuations and that these inflows play an active role in determining the country’s exchange rate equilibrium.